Health And Safety In The Workplace Essay

INTRODUCTION It is vital that organisations abides by specific health and safety laws to ensure that not employee is harmed within the workplace. Firstly most organisations would consider the hazards of the workplace; these are the factors that could potentially harm, damage or injure someone or something during processes used by the organisation. Then most organisations would consider the risk of each hazard, this means the probability of the hazard actually causing harm or injury [1]. Identifying the hazards and risks, allows the organisation to work out specific precautions that would help to minimise the risk by creating rules or regulations within the work place. Most organisations would show this evaluation of health and safety in their workplace as a risk assessment, which is very important because it allows both employers and employees to know how to be safe and what precautions they need to take in order to reduce the possibility of someone or something being damaged [2]. HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK ACT 1974 The Health and Safety at Work Act also known as the ‘HSAWA’ or ‘HSW’ was introduced in 1974. The Act was created to ensure that the workplaces of all organisations protect ‘the health, safety and welfare of persons at work’ [3]. It involves identifying the hazards in each department of the organisation to reduce the risks in the process or method that the employees used to make the product or develop the service provided. Furthermore the Act prohibits the use of extremely hazardous, dangerous and flammable products unless the risk assessment specifically shows how the hazards will be prevented, for example the use of protective clothing like lab coats, gloves and goggles but also the high supervision that there would need to be in order for the process which uses the substance to be allowed to continue. The substances might not just be hazardous to employees but to the environment, the Health and Safety at Work Act attempts to reduce the amount  of harmful emissions that are given out into the atmosphere. In addition it can include the stability of the workplace by analysing the buildings condition to ensure that the building isn’t likely to collapse when employees are at work, also it ensures that the work place has special safety features like fires doors so that the risk of employees being burn in a fire is reduced [3]. The employer of the organisation is responsible for committing to the regulations of the Health and Safety at Work Act and maintaining the use of the risk assessment throughout the work place, mainly by creating a specific written safety policy that can easily be understood by employees which shows suitable precautions on the risk assessment. It is the duty of the employer to provide the correct training for all members of staff to ensure everyone has a strong understanding of the health and safety regulations. The appropriate training can be given from attending health and safety courses; also the employer has to give the staff the equipment that they need to be safe in the workplace including protective equipment as precautions to reduce the risk of the hazard. The workplace must be considered as a safe environment by the government; this means that the organisation must provide emergency procedures (like fire drills) and specific first aid facilities if a hazard did harm an employee. Most organisations ensure that his happens by using safety signs indicating things like fire exits and reminders of precautions to take when using certain equipment or substances [4]. Furthermore the employer has to make sure that materials and resources are stored properly in safe environments to stop anything getting contaminated or broken. Substances need to be controlled to make sure that the risk of explosive or high flammable substances from causing a fire is reduced as much as possible. The transportation of the materials is also important to ensure nothing is damaged during transfer and that there is a place to safely unload to materials at the workplace. The final roles of the employer is to ensure that if any new materials or processes are introduced in the workplace that they are added to the risk assessment to keep it updated to that health and safety regulations can always be kept to. The employees also have many roles in the workplace to help keep to the Health and Safety at Work Act. They must have a sensible relationship with their employer so that they can report any issues with the risk assessment or report the behaviour of other employees when using the equipment or material. Ensure that other employees are being safe and help make sure that everyone understands what they need to do in certain situations like fire drills. However the employees are not allowed to interfere with anything that relates to the providing of health and safety equipment or clothing protection as this up to the employer [4]. MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK REGULATIONS 1999 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations also known as the ‘MHSWR’ was introduced in 1999 was developed as part of the Health and Safety at Work Act to show the specific separated of roles between the employers and employees [4][5]. The regulations involves looking into the different aspects of the workplace and evaluating how everything hazard and risk can affect each member of staff by looking capability in health and safety situations – for example an older employee could struggle to get down stairs quickly if there was a fire; instead the employer could move the employee to an office or laboratory on a lower floor. Overall this management of the issues and the precautions that can be used to avoid hazards, the following list shows the 30 sections to the Management of Health and safety at Work Regulations: 1. Citation, commencement and interpretation 2. Disapplication of these Regulations 3. Risk assessment 4. Principles of prevention to be applied 5. Health and safety arrangements 6. Health surveillance 7. Health and safety assistance 8. Procedures for serious and imminent danger and for danger areas 9. Contacts with external services 10. Information for employees 11. Co-operation and co-ordination 12. Persons working in host employers’ or self-employed persons’ undertakings 13. Capabilities and training 14. Employees’ duties 15. Temporary workers 16. Risk assessment in respect of new or expectant mothers 17. Certificate from registered medical practitioner in respect of new or expectant mothers 18. Notification by new or expectant mothers 19. Protection of young persons 20. Exemption certificates 21. Provisions as to liability 22. Exclusion of civil liability 23. Extension outside Great Britain 24. Amendment of the Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 25. Amendment of the Offshore Installations and Pipeline Works (First-Aid) Regulations 1989 26. Amendment of the Mines Miscellaneous Health and Safety Provisions Regulations 1995 27. Amendment of the Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996 28. Regulations to have effect as health and safety regulations 29. Revocations and consequential amendments 30. Transitional provision [6] The person responsible for the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations is the employer, who must assess any possible risks and manage them in a professional method so that the employees are safe from injury, when undertaking specific tasks. They must ensure that employees have the correct training and knowledge for emergency situations. Furthermore the employees must comply with the regulations created and attend any training or instruction sessions. Also the employees must feel that the person in charge of health and safety is approachable so that they can communicate any concerns they have about the health and safety of other employees and report anything they sense could be potentially dangerous or harmful [7]. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations is no longer seen as a requirement for an organization to abide by [8]. PROVISION AND USE OF WORK EQUIPMENT REGULATIONS 1998 The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations also known as ‘PUWER’ was made on the 15th of September 1998, laid before Parliament on the 25th of September 1998 and was enforced and formally introduced on the 5th of December 1998 [9]. The regulations were created so that organisations would address dangerous situations to control the risk of the hazard and prevent the employees getting seriously injured or killed due to a piece of equipment in their method of work. After this was introduced there was the creation of the ‘Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (1998)’ which also helped reduce the probability of employees getting injured. The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations applies to any employer even if they are self-employed and complies to anyone in the organisation who uses the equipment at work; these regulations do not cover the use of equipment by the public as this comes under the Health and Safety at Work Act. The PUWER covers every aspect of equipment used in an organisation from machinery to office furniture; any equipment could be a possible hazard to an employee’s health. This means that all equipment should be regularly test so that it complies to the safety regulations of the CE mark [10]. It is up to the employers and employees to stick to the regulations and ensure that the equipment is: Suitable for its intended use This means that the equipment should provide a specific purpose/function in the organisation so that no useless equipment is forgotten about. Safe for use and suitably maintained The equipment used should be safety checked to see if it is totally safe to use in the process so that it is not likely that the equipment with cause a  hazard. For example machinery should be regularly checked so that it could not cause a fire. Also the maintenance of the equipment means that things are regularly cleaned so that in, for example, a biological lab there is no spread of bacteria or organisms between samples. Used by people who have received training This literally means that employees need to be qualified and educated in the used of the equipment so this could involve going on training courses or reading instruction manuals so they have good knowledge of what to do it the equipment breaks or how the equipment could cause injury to an employee which would reduce the risk of the hazard occurring. Accompanied by suitable protective devices, warning and instructions This is mainly the role of the employer to provide safety signs or instructions near the equipment to reminder employees of how to reduce the risks. Also when using chemicals it is vital that the correct clothing is provided like lab coats, safety goggles and protective goggles so that the chemical cannot harm the employees. Protective devices can be used to indicate when a piece of equipment is dangerous or broken so that the employees do not injure themselves on it [4]. HAZARD AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS AS APART OF THE FOOD SAFETY ACT 1990 The Food Safety Act of 1990 was developed in the Food Safety Regulations of 1995 and the following concept was create to help food industries to produce high quality products that’s consumers would recognise for their safety and hygiene when creating the product [4]. The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points also known as ‘HACCP’ is an internationally used process that ensures that only food sold is safe to consume. The food products are analysed and evaluated using biological, chemical and physical techniques in order to assess any possible hazards throughout the process or handling, manufacturing, distribution and eventually eating the food product. The points provide a simple systemic approach to discovering hazards and risks and the creation of the risk assessment with suitable precautions [11][12]. Many organisation abide by the legislations of the HACCP and EU food hygiene to guarantee customers that their food is hygienically prepared without any issues of health and safety – for example some products may have no possibility of a spread of bacteria disease. There are 7 main aspects that the HACCP looks into: 1. identify any hazards that must be prevented eliminated or reduced This means that the employer, employees and health and safety experts must find every possible hazard that could potentially harm the food or the person who eats the food and form this information into a list or table. 2. identify the critical control points (CCPs) at the steps at which control is essential This involves evaluating all the points made in the first list to pick out the most vital hazards that need to be definitely controlled to not happen. 3. establish critical limits at CCPs This is identifying the risks and probability of the hazard and knowing the worst outcome if the hazard wasn’t controlled at all. 4. establish procedures to monitor the CCPs This is the way in which the organisation plans to keep the hazard under control and reduce the risk; these are the precautions planned to be used/taken. 5. establish corrective actions to be taken if a CCP is not under control This is like a back-up plan if the precaution does not work and this can change depending on the situation or environment. For example if one of the machines that is used to cook the meat sets on fire then sprinklers shoot water from the ceiling and the building is evacuated to avoid any employees being injured. 6. establish procedures to verify whether the above procedures are working effectively This involves evaluating the precautions used to reduce the probability of a hazard being uncontrollable to decide which methods are  best to control it. 7. establish documents and records to demonstrate the effective application of the above measures The creation of risk assessments and written documents so that the organisation can keep a record of their hazards and risks to make their product as safe as possible. Most employers create detailed documents that contain 4 sections; firstly a plan is created to identity how food product can be safe and how their food product needs to be safe and hygienically prepared. This section is important because it reduces the probability of infection from either dangerous bacteria or chemical or physical contamination of any meat or plant products. Furthermore it allows the organisation to see how food poisoning can be reduced in their food product, possibly from cooked and uncooked foods having contact. The following section is completing the actions planned in the first section to ‘try out’ the precautions for a set period of time. Meanwhile the next section should be taking place; this is supervising and monitoring the effect that the precautions being taken is having an effect on the actual product by making sure it is more safe to eat. The final section is acting to correct the precautions like if the food product still contains unnecessary bacteria then it needs to be cleaned and disinfected more [13]. CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH 2002 The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations also known as ‘COSHH’ was introduced in 2002 and ensure that all employers were controlling the use of any potentially hazardous substances that their employees use. The regulations were created as extreme amendments to the ‘Control of Substances Hazardous to Work Regulations 1999’ [14]. The regulations forced employers to find a less hazardous substance to use, however if this is not possible then practical solutions need to be made so that the risk of any type of injury relating to the use of substances in the workplace is either totally eliminated or strongly reduced to protect the health of the staff working for the organisation [15]. To make sure the regulations are met most organisations stick to 4 specific factors to pass external inspections of the workplace: The use of detailed but understandable risk assessment specific to the different substances used The control of exposures in which the risk can be reduced The study of health surveillance among the employees Plan of action if an accident was to occur in the workplace (first aid facilities) [14] The following list shows the processes used to control the hazards in organisations in order to comply with the COSHH regulations: finding out what the health hazards are; deciding how to prevent harm to health (risk assessment); providing control measures to reduce harm to health; making sure they are used; keeping all control measures in good working order; providing information, instruction and training for employees and others; providing monitoring and health surveillance in appropriate cases; planning for emergencies. [16] These regulations are taken extremely seriously by both the employer and their employees as the inappropriate use of harmful substances is a crime and can be punished with fines of up to  £400 on a summary conviction [14]. CODES OF PRACTICES AND RECOMMENDATIONS USED IN EDUCATION (CLEAPSS) The Codes of Practices and Recommendations used in Education involves ‘The Consortium of Local Authorities for Provision of Science Services’ also known as ‘CLEAPSS’. This covers local organisations like schools and other types of educational establishments to make sure they are safe within the service they are providing. CLEAPSS is based on 6 aspects of the organisation: Risk assessments This introduction of these into an establishment immediately improves its health and safety because it identifies any hazards and evaluates the risk and probability of it occurring and then suggests suitable methods or precautions to take to reduce the possibility of the hazard happening. Chemicals, living organisms and equipment This relates to the rules of the ‘Control of Substances Hazardous to Health’ regulations which covers any use of chemicals for example in science lessons at a secondary school the teacher and pupils would have to take precautions like wearing protective clothing or diluting the chemical. Also the ‘Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations’ is used in this area to ensure that the equipment is safe to use, especially electrically equipment in schools and colleges need to have regular safety checks to reduce the hazard of fires or electrocution. Sources of resources This can relate in an environmental way to study where the materials needed for these establishments comes from. For example the paper needed for schools comes from trees so it is vital that more trees are planted when some are cut down for the paper to help create a more sustainable environment. Laboratory design, facilities and fittings This ensures that places like school science laboratories are safe to use. Not only should the electrically equipment work properly but the cabinets and workbenches should be fitted securely and in suitable places and the floor should not cause any kind of tripping hazard. Technician and their jobs This means that fully trained and qualified technical staff need to be employed in order for the establishment to have people in case there is any  kind of emergency or injury. Some D&T facilities and fittings This is similar to the design of science laboratories however in design and technology situations there is more important equipment like machines that need to be safety checked and well trained staff need to supervise the use of it. Also safety instructions and signs can be used around the room to ensure that everyone knows how to use machinery or who to ask for help [4].

Theme on the Lovely Bones

Theme for the lovely bones The theme of grief is the most important theme in the book. The author herself understands what this family experiences. In her book, Lucky, she tells the story of her own rape and near murder. This kind of experience can be so devastating that the victim must grieve what happened to her and how she has changed. We see her own experience in Susie, who not only must follow her family’s progress through grief, but also her own progress. It is a kind of primer or textbook for us all. We, too, could someday face what the author and her characters have endured.The theme also allows the reader to understand these characters better, even George Harvey, the monster. The theme of grief is the most important theme in the book. The author herself understands what this family experiences. In her book, Lucky, she tells the story of her own rape and near murder. This kind of experience can be so devastating that the victim must grieve what happened to her and how she has changed. We see her own experience in Susie, who not only must follow her family’s progress through grief, but also her own progress.It is a kind of primer or textbook for us all. We, too, could someday face what the author and her characters have endured. The theme also allows the reader to understand these characters better, even George Harvey, the monster. The theme of grief is the most important theme in the book. The author herself understands what this family experiences. In her book, Lucky, she tells the story of her own rape and near murder. This kind of experience can be so devastating that the victim must grieve what happened to her and how she has changed.We see her own experience in Susie, who not only must follow her family’s progress through grief, but also her own progress. It is a kind of primer or textbook for us all. We, too, could someday face what the author and her characters have endured. The theme also allows the reader to understand thes e characters better, even George Harvey, the monster. The theme of grief is the most important theme in the book. The author herself understands what this family experiences. In her book, Lucky, she tells the story of her own rape and near murder.This kind of experience can be so devastating that the victim must grieve what happened to her and how she has changed. We see her own experience in Susie, who not only must follow her family’s progress through grief, but also her own progress. It is a kind of primer or textbook for us all. We, too, could someday face what the author and her characters have endured. The theme also allows the reader to understand these characters better, even George Harvey, the monster. The theme of grief is the most important theme in the book. The author herself understands what this family experiences.In her book, Lucky, she tells the story of her own rape and near murder. This kind of experience can be so devastating that the victim must grieve wh at happened to her and how she has changed. We see her own experience in Susie, who not only must follow her family’s progress through grief, but also her own progress. It is a kind of primer or textbook for us all. We, too, could someday face what the author and her characters have endured. The theme also allows the reader to understand these characters better, even George Harvey, the monster. The theme of grief is the most important theme in the book.The author herself understands what this family experiences. In her book, Lucky, she tells the story of her own rape and near murder. This kind of experience can be so devastating that the victim must grieve what happened to her and how she has changed. We see her own experience in Susie, who not only must follow her family’s progress through grief, but also her own progress. It is a kind of primer or textbook for us all. We, too, could someday face what the author and her characters have endured. The theme also allows t he reader to understand these characters better, even George Harvey, the monster.

Fair Price and Stock Valuation Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fair Price and Stock Valuation Techniques - Essay Example If the estimation above were accurate, the share would be said to be undervalued by the market. The Gordon’s growth model has several weaknesses that may make the estimates not to be perfectly accurate. The model used above utilized a trend over 5 years to calculate earnings growth; this does not give a precise estimate. The data applied in the estimation stock’s value is historical (up to December 2011), the market changes from that time may have affected the share prices. The model also assumes constantly growing earnings per share; this assumption is not realistic and may over value a stock. The information used by the market in valuing the stock includes past, present and future information, whereas the model only utilizes past data. (Stoltz, 2007).   stock-analysis-on.net. GlaxoSmithKline PLC (GSK) | Present Value of Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF) [Online] (Updated 2012) Available at: http://www.stock-analysis on.net/NYSE/Company/GlaxoSmithKline-PLC/DCF/Present-Value-of-FCFF [Accessed On 6 November 2012] Londonstockexchange.com. gsk   glaxosmithkline plc   [Online] (Updated 2012) Available at : http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/prices-and-markets/stocks/summary/company-summary.html?fourWayKey=GB0009252882GBGBXSET0 [Accessed On 6 November

Intellectual property rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intellectual property rights - Research Paper Example Intellectual property regards legal attachments to concepts. These concepts are original creations or new improvement on existing concepts. These ideas range from wide areas of: art works, musical ideas, authorship of books, scientific discoveries and innovations and computer innovations. Intellectual rights form one of the fundamental issues in business law. Due to the increasing innovation and integration of ideas into business concepts, it is essential that businesses take a deeper concern into ideas. As concerns property rights, both individuals and companies have a right to legal ownership of ideas (Miller & Jentz, 2010). Apart from that, intellectual property is becoming IT oriented because of the risk of placing information online. However, litigation due to IP rights infringement can be avoided by licensing. A license is an agreement between a creator and an intended user regarding a work.Intellectual property rights exist in various forms. The most common elements include tr ademarks, patents, copyrights, trade secrets and industrial designs. To begin with, this research explores the idea of trademarks. A trademark, as the name suggests, is a unique mark assigned to a product that makes it easily recognizable in a world of sea of products. Apart from the use in identification of a product, a trademark also states a product’s origin. Examples of trademarks include logos, emblems, mottos or drawings. The law protects the trademark used by a company or a person from use by another entity.

Compare and contrast between iPad Air and kindle fire Essay

Compare and contrast between iPad Air and kindle fire - Essay Example Many people recognize the versatility of a tablet because it can function both as a smartphone and a laptop. Laptops are difficult to be carried around and a smartphone is too small to be used for some work applications, and these disadvantages led to the design of the tablets. Among the numerous tablet brands, iPad Air and Kindle Fire are the most popular. In my point of view, I prefer the iPad Air. I have seen many advertisements of the two products and I figured out that Apple is the best. This essay will demonstrate that iPad Air is more effective than Kindle Fire because the ads create stronger emotional, ethical and logical appeals. Emotional Appeal. After reading and watching the commercial ads of both iPad Air and Kindle Fire, I realized many things. Although both advertisements try to capture the emotions of the audience, the iPad Air ad connected more. The emotional appeal of the iPad Air ad is more effective because the images chosen for the ad gave the audience an idea of the different situations and places where the iPad Air and its software applications can be used (Apple, youtube.com). I can say that the iPad Air advertisement described how life looks like from one iPad Air user to another. In addition, the clarity of the images grabs the audiences emotions to try and see the difference themselves. The voice-over, the background music and images of beautiful places and different kinds of people greatly appeal to the emotions of the audience making it a very effective ad. Focusing more on the voice-over, I liked how it sounded, as if someone is reading me a poem. But other than aesthetics and delivery, the message also appealed emotionally. It was no longer just a poem being read to the audience, but more persuasive in nature, as if the audience was being courted by someone from a Shakespeare novel. At one glance, and with so much going on in the ad, I had to keep watching it over and over because with each

Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Memo - Essay Example Abuses of corporate e-mail in this manner should be reported to a manager and the IT department immediately. Computer crimes fall into many different categories. Some involve the use of computers to defraud, illegally access account information or to otherwise hack into a system to obtain corporate information which that person would normally not have access to. In this instance, activity would most likely occur in a remote location, away from our corporate office. If one of your security professionals does encounter an issue, for instance, an employee believes someone has used their computer or workstation to commit such an act, ask the employee to keep his or her hands off all computer and peripheral equipment. Contact our department immediately, so the employee’s account information can be deactivated. We may have to change username and password for e-mail and for customer databases, When marketing or account management employees are involved. There may be other You can suggest they work from another location or office. I would be more than happy to provide a laptop and equipment for temporary use. Remind the employee that their close out of current computer screen. Tell the employee to go with you now, no exceptions. This procedure should be followed for any type of suspicious computer crime that may be linked to an employee. equipment. Leave it for investigators and/or the IT department. All e-mail messages or printed documents that are suspicious in nature, ie: a list of employee private contact information, should be left intact in its current location. Do not attempt to move, copy I hope this helps you with the training of your team. Please keep in mind that most computer crimes leave little obvious evidence. However, when they involve an employee, fingerprints and access to e-mails or files may be necessary, so nothing should I would like to explain what social

Hazards of Aluminium Welding Fumes Research Paper

Hazards of Aluminium Welding Fumes - Research Paper Example The biggest problem is that the diseases do not develop immediately but appear after a few years of exposure. The impact of pollution at the workplace on productivity has been well investigated. Studies on the impact of pollution at work environment in productivity reveal a tendency of reduction in economic activity (Marrewijk, 2005). "Sick Building Syndrome" (SBS) and 'Building related illness' (BRI) gives rise to employee complaints such as headaches, dizziness, disorientation, fatigue, ear, eye and throat irritations. The world demand for high-speed ferries and LNG tanks is being met with an increase in Aluminium welding and casting production. This has introduced a new health hazard to the Aluminium welders and ways are being probed to protect the welders against the Aluminium fumes. In the U.K, the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) regulations stipulates that the occupational exposure limit for Aluminium fume should not exceed 5mgm exp 3 of air. Aluminium fumes during welding also generate quantities of ozone gas, which can cause nausea (Rabin, 1997) and unconsciousness. Welding is a process in which metal or other thermoplastic materials are joined together by the application of heat or pore sure or both. Electric welding was introduced in the 1940s. Aluminium welding has been in prominence since 1970. There are several types of welding like Arc welding and Manual metal arc is a common process where the workers are exposed to the fumes. Carbon arc, Cold welding, Electron beam welding, Flux core arc welding, Gas welding, Gas metal arc welding, Gas tungsten arc welding, Shielded metal arc welding, Plasma arc welding, Laser beam welding are the other welding processes where workers are exposed to metal fumes. The welding workers have a high exposure of metal fumes and the exposure depends on the place, confined space, workshop or open air.  

Is Othello a Man of Honor Infected with Psychological Imperfection Essay

Is Othello a Man of Honor Infected with Psychological Imperfection - Essay Example A former black slave, Othello, is rather hailed and appreciated by the society -which is supposed to enslave him- because of his military prowess. In a racially segregated society, he rises at the height of celebrated influence and takes the daughter of a socially established member as his wife. Keeping aside his past, he looks forwards and endeavors to be accepted by the society on his military prowess and credits. Yet in the clandestine corner of his mind, he feels insecure and remains isolated and alien in the society which he does not belong to racially. This very isolation of Othello in the society is vividly depicted in his own words in the last scene of the play. While killing himself, once he repeats how he killed a Turk with martial prowess: â€Å"Set you down this, / And say besides that in Aleppo once, / Where a malignant and a turbaned Turk / Beat a Venetian and traduced the state, / I took by th’ throat the circumcised dog / And smote him thus†. (Shakespear e V.ii.341-354) At the same time, by comparing his self-killing with the killing of a Turk, he powerfully articulates the fact that he will forever remain an outsider and an alien to the society. Deep down in the heart, he suffers from a type of inferiority complex which, on one hand, blindfolds him from Desdemona’s virtue and purity, and on the other hand, keeps him obsessed with the fear of being deserted by his love, Desdemona, a symbolic platform of passion and status in the society. Just like his suspicion for the society, his fear of being deserted by his love pushes to the verge of insanity. His bluster and pride rather fuel his obsession and fear. In spite of his love for Desdemona, he cannot believe that his wife, that paragon of virtue and purity, could have settled for him. Such a man’s love for his wife is necessarily entailed with his continual fear of being rejected and deceived by his society as well as his wife. Iago manipulates this very weakness and p sychological imperfections of Othello. Indeed in the play Iago’s Machiavellian presence is not the root but the crucial cause of Othello’s insanity. He is more of a trigger of the event than the sole reason of Othello’s insane-like condition. He plays on the protagonist’s insecurities and â€Å"trigger off an engulfing suspicion and jealousy of his wife's supposed infidelity, which culminates in him murdering her† (Hamlin 34). Whereas the psychological imperfections lie in Othello’s circumstance-driven psychic mould, it has successfully been played on by Iago. Throughout the whole play, Othello remains calm, polite and respectful. He is neither rude nor offensive to Desdemona's father, Brabantio. Even being brave General his self-control is praiseworthy. When Iago tries to instigate a brawl by informing Othello of Brabantio’s armored arrival to his court, he remained calm and responds in the following manner: â€Å"Keep up your brigh t swords, for the dew will rust them. / Good signior, you shall more command with years / Than with your weapons.† (Shakespeare I.ii.59-61). He shows the highest revere to Brabantio. He assures him that he is respectful because of his age. Othello is never a violent man by nature. If he were, he would behave otherwise, in other words, violently. Even in the face of Branbantio’s racial insult, Othello retains his decency: â€Å"If she wasn’t bound in chains of magic, / Would a maid so tender, beautiful, and happy, / So opposed to marriage that she shunned / The wealthy, curled

ENJOYMENT OF MUSIC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ENJOYMENT OF MUSIC - Essay Example This helps the musician in achieving different tunes for the song through amplification, mixing and muting some beats. My enjoyment of music has more to do with the appreciation of the technical thinking behind the music as opposed to discrete aptitudes of the musician. I appreciate music in its spatial and temporal reasoning nature such as the ability to visualize the sounds produced by the violin in both time and space. This enhances my reasoning ability to reason which is mostly important my career filed. The spatial temporal aspects of music ensure that I develop higher brain function in the creation of such structures for computer programming. This is because, for me to construct a good program, I should be able to construct it in my head by totally visualizing it and its consequences of the total output, by progression like in music, as opposed to doing a line by line of the code. Appreciation of music is highly felt on the beats produced by the different instruments. The fact that artists are able to differentiate the different types of instruments being played even without seeing them and even when they are very many is very inspiring in computer science. The specifics of such instruments can be impacted on computers such as the ability to readily distinguish sounds when every drum vibrates at specific frequencies by arranging and designing the drums according to tension, size, shape and composition. The wide spectrum of frequencies and pure tones produced by vibrating membranes inspires the production of such nodes in computers. Music uses codes as a form of expression. In its abstract nature, music requires interpretation and performance in order to relay the message. The written codes in music have more meaning than the surface meaning. Likewise, computer programmers also use codes to express themselves. My ability to read through the musical codes presented in music is

Definition of family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Definition of family - Essay Example It is sad that many have taken these aspects for granted and neglected their family members or lose family attachment. This paper aims at explaining the concept of family while shedding light on my experience. Nuclear Family The above photo depicts clearly what a family unit is comprised of the father, mother and their children. Essentially there are two types of families; nuclear and extended families where the former is comprised of just the parents and their children while the latter is comprised of the former together with grandparents, aunties, uncles, cousins, sister-in-laws and brother-in-laws (Corbett 2004). An extended family is clearly depicted by the following two pictures where grandparents and their children take a photo shoot together. Extended Family (Grandparents, their children and grandchildren) Extended Family (Grandparents, their children, their children’s spouses and grandchildren) It is the duty of family members to offer assistance to those who depend on them. There should be mutual respect for all members such that one cannot intentionally do anything that can hurt another family member. People in doing this should also appreciate that there are many people in the world today who do not have anyone to count on in good and bad times. I have had numerous occasions where I needed a shoulder to cry on and as much as I have friends by my side, family consolation works best. In other occasions like my graduation and birthdays, I always feel whole when my family members are there to celebrate with me. There is this connection that goes beyond love that I have with my brothers and sisters, parents and grandparents and other people of the extended family. I am personally always ready to protect this bond no matter what the circumstances as difficult times also dawn on us that threaten to weaken it. Communication from my experience is quite crucial in maintaining strong family ties. Families for centuries have engaged in reunions and my fam ily is not an exception. In these reunions that happen once a year in my grandparents’ home or one of our uncles’, we tend to strengthen the bond we have. We usually engage in many fun activities like games and all that for the sake of all to interact and share previous year’s experiences. This form of interaction has also ensured that people keep in touch throughout the year and those who are able to visit one another, they can do so. I am mostly fascinated by the sharing of personal experiences for the past year i.e. since the last reunion. This is done in the evening under the moonlight in the backyard with everyone present while uncles prepare barbecues. At this time we mostly share funny moments where we laugh almost all night long. This happens on Saturday night and the following morning all depart to wait for another fascinating time together as one big happy family. There are certain fundamentals that are followed in all the family units within the exten ded family so as to ensure harmony of the bigger family. One is the appreciation by all children that their parents are the core in their families (Corbett 2004). They should be accorded maximum respect and admiration by all the children regardless of their status, financial or otherwise. They are the people who the children

Super Size Me critique Essay Example for Free

Super Size Me critique Essay â€Å"Everything’s bigger in America the biggest people, America has become the fattest nation in the world nearly 100 million Americans are overweight or obese.† Melvin Spurlock announces in his opening scene of the documentary Super Size Me. (youtube.com) Morgan Spurlock’s documentary focuses on the premise that Americans are addicted to fast food, and this is proven by the excess amount of fast food restaurants present in the US, especially by McDonalds in New York City. His goal was to eat fast food three times a day at McDonald’s for thirty days. And during these thirty days his only rule is that he only drinks and eats food from McDonald’s restaurant. He had to eat everything on the menu at least once. During that time, McDonald’s promoted â€Å"Supersize† your meal for a couple cents. Spurlock would only â€Å"Supersize† his meal if the cashier asked him. Spurlock was curious about what where the effects to the body if one ate McDonalds for thirty days and the recommended three meals a day. His rule was to try everything at least once, ranging from Big Mac’s to yogurt parfaits, salads, and fish filets. Spurlock uses extreme measures in order to make his argument. Eating at a restaurant should not be unhealthy; however, it has become an epidemic in our culture to eat food that is processed, injected with hormones, and cheap which is the main ingredient used at fast food restaurants. Before he took the challenge he was in very good shape, according to three doctors he visited, including a registered dietician. According to the Body Mass Index (BMI), the standard system used by doctors in the US to determine a person’s health, Spurlock ranked as â€Å"normal† and not obese and unhealthy. â€Å"Normal† of course depends on your body and height it is not always what BMI specifies, but nevertheless, it is the common standard. Before the challenge, Spurlock ate the recommended 2500 calories and more than the average (80 grams a day). According to his doctor, his saturated fat is supposed to be less than 25 grams a day. In addition to seeing his doctors he also saw a specialist, an exercise physiologist to be exact and assessed his cardiovascular health only to give him the good news that his heart was in good shape. At only 11% body fat, he is in above average fitness for his age group, but nothing to be alarmed about. More than 60% of Americans do not exercise regularly, only walking 2000 steps a day or an equivalent to a mile a day. However, this is not the average for certain cities, in New York the average New Yorker walks approximately four to five miles a day. As a New Yorker, Morgan walks that average and during his walks he passes three McDonald’s restaurants on his way to work on a regular basis. He resides in Manhattan, New York, in which 83 McDonald’s restaurants also reside. According to Morgan, there are more McDonald’s in that island than anywhere else in the world. Manhattan is an island which is 13 miles long, two miles wide, and 22.4 square miles, there are nearly four McDonald’s restaurants per square mile. (vivavegie.org) That number is extremely high and ranks as the most saturated with fast food in the world. During the documentary, his girlfriend, who is a vegan chef and eats organic and fresh vegetables daily, calls his food genetically modified. She compares McDonald’s food to hockey pucks. His first day began with an Egg McMuffin value meal which includes an egg muffin with ham, hash brown, and a choice of coffee or milk. Morgan discovers that McDonald’s restaurant also delivers for free, only solidifying his argument about fast food, the power of advertising, and convenience in the United States. He walked 1272 steps to the first restaurant from his apartment. In order to walk his average 2000 steps a day challenge he is forced to take a cab in order to stay under the national average. As a side note, this is not the average for other countries both the amount one walks and the type of food that is served in McDonald’s. Morgan talked to tourists from other countries, such as a woman from France to use as his comparison in the documentary on how people view fast food and demonstrate how McDonald’s operates in these countries. While he interviewed the woman from France, she said our small size soft drink is an equivalent to a large soft drink in France, and she added, that she cannot finish the small size soda. â€Å"McDonald’s in the U.S. accounts for 43% of the entire fast food market. They’re everywhere, even in hospitals.† Morgan interviewed a lawyer, Samuel Hersh, who represented two women who were suing McDonald’s, and says in terms of being the big guns McDonald’s is the worst corporation to sue. How can one go after the happy meals, the Playplace areas for parties and children, and the â€Å"family atmosphere.† Their main advertising targets children. They make them avid consumers of fast food. At the end of the thirty days, Spurlock gained 18 pounds, and during that time he suffered from depression. During his three visits to his doctor, he complained about constant headaches, and even mood swings, something he never experienced before in a frequent manner. In addition to these pains, he experienced acute chest palpitations. After the thirty days, Spurlock visited his doctor for the final diagnosis only to find out that he tested for liver failure. The doctor recommended him to stop his project or else he would die. He made the comparison to an alcoholic binge drinking for thirty days. Food should not be equivalent to a person suffering from alcoholism. Food should be considered to be wholesome and healthy, today it is filled with chemicals that hurt our bodies. Other companies that are known for these tactics are tobacco companies they use â€Å"brand implanting† from a young age to make believe that they are â€Å"healthy.† One of the most well-known â€Å"brand-implanting† tactics was to sell gum cigarettes to children from the ice cream man. The theory behind this â€Å"brand-implanting,† is not to realize you are bombarded with advertising that says and implants statements like â€Å"it is cool to smoke,† â€Å"it is sexy to smoke,† and â€Å"you are a man if you smoke†. The theory specifies that when you are a child you will not realize the tobacco companies are targeting you in a capitalist society. The child only sees the gum cigarette that when you inhale it simulates real cigarettes, it is cool and â€Å"adult like†. Of course the parents are burdened with having to pay the price both from a young and mature age. The parents only think it is a â€Å"toy†, but in reality they are being programmed to smoke when they are the legal age. The feelings the young adult will feel when smoking real cigarettes is that experience the warm feeling of getting the toy and being with mom and dad. McDonald’s aggressively advertises this way, and gets kids to buy their food as adults by â€Å"brand implanting† them with a clown (Ronald McDonald), giving them toys in Happy Meals, etc. The most disappointing statistic is that one out of three children born in 2000 will develop diabetes in their lifetime, and about one out of twenty people today have diabetes, according to Spurlock. (cdc.gov) This documentary demonstrated, in an extreme manner that eating fast food is unhealthy but it also looked at the effects of aggressive advertising. Supersize came out in 2004, and it still resonates in 2013. To the point that the First Lady of the United States of America, Michelle Obama, has taken an approach to decrease diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity among young children in her â€Å"Get Up and Move† campaign. Unhealthy eating is a serious problem and Americans are leading in the polls. We have to recognize that fast food does not equate to healthy eating. We are so caught up in our way of life that we do not make time to eat healthy and exercise, and McDonald’s figured this out with their million dollar advertising accounts. Spurlock’s points were extreme, yet poignant about where we stand in our fight with food, and overall advertising. Works Cited Diabetes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 01 Aug. 2011. Web. 08 Oct. 2013. . Spurlock, Morgan. Super Size Me. YouTube. YouTube, 29 July 2013. Web. 08 Oct. 2013. . Fast Food Facts from the Super Size Me Web Site. Fast Food Facts from the Super Size Me Web Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2013. .

Drug Trade in South America Essay Example for Free

Drug Trade in South America Essay Among the many topics given for the annotated Bibliography, I have decided go by my teachers advice. Therefore, I will cover â€Å"drug trade in South America†. South America is a large continent comprising of countries like, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay, Ecuador and Venezuela among many others. The whole of this continent has been noted to be a primary source for narcotics, which in most cases end up finding their way to the rest of the world, with Colombia being the number one Heroine producer in the whole South America continent. The contents favorable climatic conditions allows for the mass growing of cocaine, heroine, and bhang producing plants. This widespread growth of these plants is practiced in the fertile lands along the many permanent rivers which criss-cross the continent e. g. Amazon River basin. These rivers also offer drug transportation alternative, whereby private boats transport these drugs across the borders of countries. The fight against drug cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale in the continent has done little to this deep-rooted vice. This is because of overwhelming rates of corruption across the continent. Another reason has been the chronic political instability of many countries of South America. The majority of the continents countries are largely under developed and therefore proper Government machinations to combat drug trafficking has not really been to the expected standards. In my map, I have shown the whole continent of South America with its physical features included to show the drug growing areas. The tropical rain forests the Amazon River basin. Through my research I hope to extract the mystery about the resistant drug producing culture, the various governments efforts to combat drug trafficking and some of the major drug cartels in the continent. International narcotics control strategy report 2006 Bureau for international Narcotics and law Enforcement Affairs This report complied by Bureau for international Narcotics and law Enforcement Affairs, March 2006, gives a detailed account of the state of affairs, pertaining drugs in more than ten countries of S. America. The journal is so detailed that it shows out a brief summary each of the ten countries drug trafficking levels, countries drug rating status, countries actions against drugs 2005, countries law enforcement efforts and arrest made, and lastly, countries road map towards combating drug trafficking. From article, it is clear that the continent produce almost all the prohibited drugs i. e. heroine, cocaine, marijuana, these drugs are grown almost all the eleven countries discussed in the article, with Colombia being the leading in production of all these drugs. Also in this article is the environmental safeguarding measures applied when destroying drugs. The article shows the rating of every country among the countries of the world. This journal has very many details about drug cultivation manufacture, distribution and selling making it a very informing tool to the relevant authorities who are responsible for the crackdown of the illegal cartels. I further recommend the journal to both potential and practicing law enforcers, to fellow students who may be taking the same course, this journal is the kind of research material they need to look for. It convinces a reader that, with all that knowledge about the existence of drug trafficking then curbing it is very simple. The author of this journal (bureau for international narcotics and law enforcements affairs) is the body charged with the duty of drawing regulations and the enforcement of the laws governing illegal drug trafficking, and therefore the information in it is very much reliable as a source for this topic.

Tesco Retail Business Analysis

Tesco Retail Business Analysis Tesco is one of the largest food retailers in the world, operating around 2,318 stores and employing over 326,000 people. As well as operating in the UK, it has stores in the rest of Europe and Asia. It also provides online services through its subsidiary, Tesco.com. The UK is the companys largest market operating under four banners: Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. Tesco sells approximately 40,000 food products in its superstores, as well as clothing and other non-food lines. The companys own-label products are at three levels, value, normal and finest. Own brand accounts for approximately 50% of sales. As well as convenience produce, many stores have gas stations. The company has become one of Britains largest petrol independent retailers. Other retailing services offered in the UK include Tesco Personal Finance and Tesco.com. Tesco Personal Finance is a joint venture with the Royal Bank of Scotland. It has over 3.4 million customers, and provides various financial products and services. The company has operations in the rest of Europe, including the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Turkey. In Asia, the company operates in Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. Tescos Republic of Ireland business operates in the region of 82 stores, and around 60 stores in the Hungarian market. Tescos Polish operations include former HIT operated stores. It operates around 66 hypermarkets and supermarkets in this country. In the Czech Republic and Slovakian markets, Tesco operates 22 and 23 hypermarkets respectively. Tesco also operates stores in Asia, including Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia and Taiwan. The company operates 64 stores in Thailand and 28 stores in the South Korean Market, while in the Taiwanese and Malaysian markets it has three stores in each nation. HISTORY: Tesco was originated in the markets of Londons East End, where in 1914, war veteran Jack Cohen began to sell groceries. The brand name of Tesco first appeared on packets of tea in the 1920s. Tesco was an amalgamation of the initials of T.E. Stockwell, a partner in the firm of tea suppliers, and the first two letters of Cohen. The first Tesco store was founded in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware. Following the success of self service stores in the US, Mr. Cohen opened the first Tesco self-service store in St. Albans in 1948. Gradually the business expanded from stores to supermarkets, and by the early 1960s, Tesco had become a familiar household name, selling household goods and clothing. In 1974, the company set up petrol stations at its major sites, selling fuel at competitive prices. In 1979, the companys annual turnover reached  £1 billion for the first time. In the 1990s Tesco continued to tighten its grip on the UK with more store openings and an aggressive marketing campaign in an attempt to overtake Sainsburys as the UKs leading grocer. In 1992, the company launched is slogan every little helps, followed by the Tesco Value range in 1993. This was followed by the launch of the Tesco Club card scheme in 1995, helping Tesco to overtake rival Sainsburys as the UKs largest food retailer. 1996 saw the retailer introduce its first 24-hour store while it also expanded overseas opening shops in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. In 1997 Tesco appointed Sir Terry Leahy as chief executive. Tesco.com was launched in 2000 and the supermarket continued to expand its range of products, which now includes clothes, electrical and personal finance products. In 2004 Tesco entered the broadband market. Two years ago, in 2006, the retailer announced ambitious plans to open stores in the US under the name Fresh and Easy and funded by existing resources. Tesco now operates in 13 countries. Today it reported that group sales were  £51.8bn in the year to February 23 2008. Pre-tax profit rose to  £2.8bn. In 2008 the retail giant took its conquest of the UK one step further by buying up some rival Somerfield stores on remote islands in Scotland, giving Tesco a presence in every single postcode area in the country. As it stands there is only one postcode in the UK in Harrogate in North Yorkshire which does not have a Tesco. MAJOR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: Tesco is the largest food retailer in UK, operating around 2,318 stores worldwide. Its Products and services include: ENVIORMENTAL ANALYSIS What Is an Environmental Analysis? Environmental analysis is relatively qualitative and involves the identification of and analysis of environmental variables, which affect the business. Definition: Environmental Analysis Environmental analysis for a business looks at the factors inherent in a businesss environment that may have some impact thereof. This type of analysis is relatively qualitative and involves the identifying, scanning, analyzing and forecasting of the environmental variables. Some frameworks of environmental analysis have received large amounts of attention in the world of business management literature, such as SWOT analysis and PESTEL analysis. Why Environmental Analysis? Environmental analysis will help you understand what is happening both inside and outside your organization and to increase the probability that the organizational strategies you develop will appropriately reflect your organizational environment. Three Levels of Organizational Environment In order to perform an environmental analysis, you must thoroughly understand how organizational environments are structured. For purposes of environmental analysis, you can divide the environment of your organization into three distinct levels: internal environment, operating environment, and general environment. COMPETITORS ANALYSIS What Is a Competitors Analysis? Competitive analysis is the practice of analyzing the competitive environment in which your business operates (or wishes to operate), including strengths and weaknesses of the businesses with which you compete, strengths and weaknesses of your own company, demographics and desires of marketplace customers, strategies that can improve your position in the marketplace, impediments that prevent you from entering new markets, and barriers that you can erect to prevent others from eroding your own place in the market. Definition: Competitors Analysis Competitors Analysis also called competitive analysis, the process of identifying the performance and marketing strategy of competitive brands or products in the marketplace. In order to plan an effective marketing strategy, marketers need to know about the competitive environment and to find out all they can about competitors products, prices, communication channels quality, and service so as to determine areas of competitive advantage and disadvantage. Why Competitors Analysis? Some businesses think it is best to get on with their own plans and ignore the competition. Others become obsessed with tracking the actions of competitors (often using underhand or illegal methods). Many businesses are happy simply to track the competition, copying their moves and reacting to changes. Competitor analysis has several important roles in strategic planning: To help management understand their competitive advantages/disadvantages relative to competitors To generate understanding of competitors past, present (and most importantly) future strategies To provide an informed basis to develop strategies to achieve competitive advantage in the future To help forecast the returns that may be made from future investments (e.g. how will competitors respond to a new product or pricing strategy? Questions to ask What questions should be asked when undertaking competitor analysis? The following is a useful list to bear in mind: Who are our competitors? What threats do they pose? What is the profile of our competitors? What are the objectives of our competitors? What strategies are our competitors pursuing and how successful are these strategies? What are the strengths and weaknesses of our competitors? How are our competitors likely to respond to any changes to the way we do business? ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING OPERATION What Is an Analysis OF THE MARKETING OPERATION? Marketing Operations is the function responsible for marketing performance measurement, strategic planning and budgeting, process development, professional development, and marketing systems and data. Definition: Analysis OF THE MARKETING OPERATION The purpose of the Marketing Operations function is both to increase marketing efficiency and to build a foundation for excellence by reinforcing marketing with processes, technology, metrics, and best practices. Marketing operations enables an organization to run the marketing function as a fully accountable business. Marketing operations is about performance, financial management, strategic planning, marketing resource, and skills assessment and management. Why Analysis OF THE MARKETING OPERATION? The marketing operations plan is designed to identify where we are as a district now and where we are going. It is a usable planning document that reviews the past years production and identifies strong points and problem areas. The operations plan is designed to accomplish the following: Stimulates thinking to make better use of available resources Reduces crisis management Assigns responsibilities and schedules work Improves communications within the command Coordinates and unifies efforts Facilitates control, monitoring, and evaluation of results Provides source marketing information for current and future reference Facilitates progressive advancement toward a goal ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING STRATEGIES What Is an ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING STRATEGIES? Marketing strategy is a method of focusing an organizations energies and resources on a course of action which can lead to increased sales and dominance of a targeted market niche. A marketing strategy combines product development, promotion, distribution, pricing, relationship management and other elements; identifies the firms marketing goals, and explains how they will be achieved, ideally within a stated timeframe. Marketing strategy determines the choice of target market segments, positioning, marketing mix, and allocation of resources. It is most effective when it is an integral component of overall firm strategy, defining how the organization will successfully engage customers, prospects, and competitors in the market arena. Definition: ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING STRATEGIES Marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. A marketing strategy should be centred on the key concept that customer satisfaction is the main goal. Why ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING STRATEGIES? A marketing strategy can serve as the foundation of a marketing plan. A marketing plan contains a set of specific actions required to successfully implement a marketing strategy. For example: Use a low cost product to attract consumers. Once our organization, via our low cost product, has established a relationship with consumers, our organization will sell additional, higher-margin products and services that enhance the consumers interaction with the low-cost product or service. A strategy consists of a well thought out series of tactics to make a marketing plan more effective. Marketing strategies serve as the fundamental underpinning of marketing plans designed to fill market needs and reach marketing objectives. Plans and objectives are generally tested for measurable results. A marketing strategy often integrates an organizations marketing goals, policies, and action sequences (tactics) into a cohesive whole. Similarly, the various strands of the strategy , which might include advertising, channel marketing, internet marketing, promotion and public relations can be orchestrated. Many companies cascade a strategy throughout an organization, by creating strategy tactics that then become strategy goals for the next level or group. Each one group is expected to take that strategy goal and develop a set of tactics to achieve that goal. This is why it is important to make each strategy goal measurable. Marketing strategies are dynamic and interactive. They are partially planned and partially unplanned. PESTLE ANALYSIS OF TESCO: POLITICAL Following the European Integration and Free Trade Agreements, the market has opened up for British Companies to invest in Eastern Europe. Tesco already has 60 Hypermarket store in Hungary. Lidl is uncompromisingly fighting to maintain its market share with an aggressive pricing strategy. ECONOMIC the Retail sector is fairly recession prawn and also very sensitive to changes in interest rates. Since the events of September 11th the world economies have suffered heavily, stocks plummeted and prices are at all time lows. The world economy is however, now on the up post September 11th. Consumers are optimistic and the retail industry is once again booming. SOCIAL changes in consumer taste and lifestyle represent both opportunities and threats for the industry. Opportunities in terms of new market and consumers, however, there are added threats in terms of alternative established Swedish national retailers (foreign company bias). TECHNICAL Changes in retailing methods as such clothes sales via the Internet is now a common place in retailing. Paperless operation, the management and administration of the company are undertaken on IT systems, which are accessed through secure servers; provide flexibility in the running of the business. As Sweden is at the forefront of technological advancement with national companies like Ericsson, Tesco would enjoy the comprehensive logistics and distribution channels already in place. LEGAL National legislation for health and safety both in terms of consumer rights and also in terms of production of own natural renewable resources for making clothes. ENVIRONMENTAL The renewable source of resources used in production, namely cotton and wool are environmentally friendly. The threats are in terms of legal consequences for livestocks in terms of health and safety. TESCOS STRATEGIC OPTIONS: GENERIC STRATEGIES: Generic Strategies are characterised by an individual retailers response to the industry structure. For a giant retailer, such as Tesco, to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage they should follow either one of three generic strategies, developed by Porter. The first strategy of cost leadership is one in which Tesco can strive to have the lowest costs in the industry and offer its products and services to a broad market at the lowest prices. This strategy will be based on the Tescos ability to control their operating costs so well that they are able to price their products competitively and be able to generate high profit margins, thus having a significant competitive advantage. If Tesco uses another strategy of differentiation, than it has to try to offer services and products with unique features that customers value. Tesco will be able to create brand loyalty for their offerings, and thus, price inelasticity on the part of buyers. Breadth of product offerings, technology, special features, or customer service are popular approaches to differentiation. The last strategy of focus can be either a cost leadership or differentiation strategy aimed toward a narrow, focused market. In pursuing a cost leadership strategy Tesco focuses on the creation of internal efficiencies that will help them withstand external pressures. Therefore, it appears reasonable to think that Tesco will have frequent interactions with the governmental/regulatory and supplier sectors of the environment MARKET OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION Strategy frameworks and structuring tools are key to assessing the business situation. Risk and value trade-offs are made explicit, leading to concrete proposals to add value and reduce risk. Explicit plans for action, including effective planning need to be developed by Tesco as the strategic alternative. From the generic strategies discussed above, Tesco is likely to employ two strategic options that are also likely to be primary market objectives of focus on market development though partnerships and diversification through new product development. Market Development Strategy: Joint Developments and Strategic Alliances By entering new markets like China and Japan it can serve as a key growth driver of the companys revenues and expansion strategy. Tescos interests in Japan are likely to continue growing in due course, as Asian markets are showing an increase in consumer spending and increased trend towards retailing. These new markets are also demographically high opportunity markets. In the case of Tesco, one of the suggested strategic options is in international alliances with the local retailers in Asian markets. It will be considered as a method of development and may be formed to exploit current resources and competence. By entering into joint ventures or partnerships, in order to gain a larger economy of scale and larger market presence, Tesco will draw on the extensive local knowledge and operating expertise of the partner whilst adding its own supply chain, product development and stores operations skills to deliver a better shopping experience to customers. However, given the huge scale, potential and complexities of these markets, Tesco may feel that being the first mover is not necessarily an advantage. The success of the partnership will be related to three main success criteria: sustainability, acceptability and feasibility. Sustainability will be concerned with whether a strategy addresses the circumstances in which the company is operating. It is ab out the rationale of this expansion-market development strategy. The acceptability relates to the expected return from the strategy, the level of risk and the likely reaction of stakeholders. Feasibility will be regarded to whether Tesco has the resources and competence to deliver the strategy. CONCLUSION The success of the Tesco shows how far the branding and effective service delivery can come in moving beyond splashing ones logo on a billboard. It had fostered powerful identities by making their retailing concept into a virus and spending it out into the culture via a variety of channels: cultural sponsorship, political controversy, consumer experience and brand extensions. In a rapidly changing business environment with a high competitors pressure Tesco have to adopt new expansion strategies or diversified the existing in order to sustain its leading market position in an already established retailing market. The company must constantly adapt to the fast changing circumstances. Strategy formulation should therefore be regarded as a process of continuous learning, which includes learning about the goals, the effect of possible actions towards these goals and how to implement and execute these actions. The quality of a formulated strategy and the speed of its implementation will therefore directly depend on the quality of Tescos cognitive and behavioural learning processes. In large organizations as Tesco strategy should be analysed and implemented at various levels within the hierarchy. These different levels of strategy should be related and mutually supporting. Tescos strategy at a corporate level defines the businesses in which Tesco will compete, in a way that focuses resources to convert distinctive competence into competitive advantage.

herody Free Essays Homers Odyssey: Odysseus as Heroic Archetype :: Homer Odyssey Essays

Odysseus as  Archetype of a Hero  in  The Odyssey      Odysseus, of Homer's Odyssey, is an appropriate hero and ruler of Ithaca. He does not act irrationally but contemplates his actions and their implications. Odysseus is an appropriate hero because he embodies the values of bravery, intelligence, astuteness, and competency. Odysseus is an appropriate ruler for Ithaca by virtue of his hereditary right to kingship as well as his diplomatic skills, familiarity with his male subjects, discipline, and his impartiality and compassion. However, he is a character that does make a foolish decision. There is a rare instance when his pride supersedes his intellectual ability. Odysseus is an appropriate hero for he embodies the values of bravery, intelligence, astuteness, and competency. While he trying to return home from Ilium, numerous suitors attempt to seduce his wife, Penelope. However, when he returns Odysseus cleverly plans and carries out the demise of the evil and wasteful suitors with the help of Athena, goddess of wisdom: "Come on [Athena] weave me a plan to punish them [the suitors]." Odysseus' wisdom is admired by Athena, the goddess of that aptness. Athena is also impressed by his battle heroics and so she endeavors to provide him with succor: "And you didn't know Pallas Athenaia the daughter of Zeus himself, your faithful stand-by and guardian in all your labours!" With Athena's assistance Odysseus becomes a true hero. Odysseus is the epitome of honor and virtue for his Ithacan subjects. Odysseus' kind and stalwart leadership is revealed by Eumaios, his faithful swineherd, and Philoitios, his loyal cowherd, who have both remained loyal to him for twenty years. Eumaios praises Odysseus as "A rare fine master." "Indeed I do not mourn so much for them as for him [Odysseus], though I long to see 'em again and my native land, but I do miss Odysseus since he went away. I don't like to speak his name, man, although he is absent, but I call him 'his honour,' even when he is far away." Odysseus is a befitting king because it is his ancestral right, for he is familiar with his male subjects and understands their desires. Odysseus' equity and mercy is displayed after his triumph over the suitors, whom he executed because of their lawless behavior. However, Odysseus shows compassion by allowing Phemius, the minstrel suitor, and Medon, a herald suitor to live. "Cheer up, my son has saved your life.

jobs Essay -- essays research papers

Here's your big chance to make some extra cash right out of your home. You won't believe how much money you can make doing this. You can easily make up to a $1000 weekly working only 2-3 hours a day. We will supply you with all materials to start making $4.00 for every letter you process and mail out! The best part of all this is there is no limit! You can ship us back as many letters as you want. Positions are being filled very quickly and the longer you wait, the more likely you will not get accepted in this once in a lifetime opportunity! Keep reading to learn more and register today! You will NEVER have to sell any of our products in ordered to get paid. Your pay will be based on the number of letters you mail us. You will not have to make any cold calls or solicit door to door trying to make sales. You will get paid $4.00 for every envelope regardless if a customer buys our products. Mailing letters from home can make you more money than you could ever dream of. You will no longer have to wake up and take that long drive to work and suffer all those long hours. From now on, you can just wake up and say, "I'm my own boss!" You can work the hours you want and do what you want. There will be no boss looking over your shoulder ever again. This program will allow you to choose your own hours and work at your own pace. There are no obligations. You can easily make up to two times as much money than your regular paying job. As a home mailer, all you need to do i... jobs Essay -- essays research papers Here's your big chance to make some extra cash right out of your home. You won't believe how much money you can make doing this. You can easily make up to a $1000 weekly working only 2-3 hours a day. We will supply you with all materials to start making $4.00 for every letter you process and mail out! The best part of all this is there is no limit! You can ship us back as many letters as you want. Positions are being filled very quickly and the longer you wait, the more likely you will not get accepted in this once in a lifetime opportunity! Keep reading to learn more and register today! You will NEVER have to sell any of our products in ordered to get paid. Your pay will be based on the number of letters you mail us. You will not have to make any cold calls or solicit door to door trying to make sales. You will get paid $4.00 for every envelope regardless if a customer buys our products. Mailing letters from home can make you more money than you could ever dream of. You will no longer have to wake up and take that long drive to work and suffer all those long hours. From now on, you can just wake up and say, "I'm my own boss!" You can work the hours you want and do what you want. There will be no boss looking over your shoulder ever again. This program will allow you to choose your own hours and work at your own pace. There are no obligations. You can easily make up to two times as much money than your regular paying job. As a home mailer, all you need to do i...

Web Resources for Grief :: essays research papers

Websites on Issues Relating To Death & Dying   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The web can be as useful or meaningless as you want it to be. I have found it to be a wealth of resources when it comes to needing information on anything. I guess part of that depends on whether or not a person can decipher between sites that are credible, and sites that are not. I have compiled ten sites that I have either known about through my personal experience as an active member in the death care industry, or through using simple search engine words to obtain sites that would pique my interest. In each web site description, I will mention what words I used in the search engine, if needed. I really didn’t know what to use for search words other than the very common words death, dying, and bereavement. I finally got to where I would go to websites that I didn’t particularly care for, but had found links to the ones I did like and find interesting and useful. I finally got a little bit more creative while browsing through the sites, giving me different ideas on different key words to use to give me variety in my search. I used AOL (who has keywords) and Google. http://www.funeralnet.com/ This is a web site I have known about through general knowledge because of my experience in funeral service. It is very informative and educative in the fields of death. It was last updated in 2002.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.adec.org/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ADEC, The association for Death Education and Counseling is a site that has information for the consumer to information to the professional. They offer the Certificate in Thanatology, for grief counselors. I found this site as a link at funeralnet.com, under Grief Resources link.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.ksfda.org  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Kansas Funeral Directors and Embalmer’s Association is a website familiar to me. It has several general information areas for the professional as well as the general public.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.accesskansas.org/ksbma   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Kansas State Board of Mortuary Arts. Another website I know very well. This site has all the state laws that govern funeral directors, embalmers, care and disposal of the deceased, and any other K.S.A. that might be applicable to this subject. There is also licensing information on every individual and every funeral home in the state. There is also a section for the general public, a Q and A of sorts as well. http://www.soros.org/death/ This is the Project on Death in America website.

Compare and Contrast London by William Blake and Island Man by Grace Nichols Essay

Compare and Contrast â€Å"London† by William Blake and â€Å"Island Man† by Grace Nichols. Consider How Each Poem Conveys Alternative Attitudes To Life And Society. Introduction The poem â€Å"London† written by William Blake (1757 – 1827) is a clever poem. Although we can appreciate it, and understand William Blake’s ideas, it was not understood or valued when it was written all those years ago. In contrast the poem â€Å"Island Man† written by Grace Nichols is a contemporary poem. The single idea that brings these two poems together is that they are both about the city of London. â€Å"Island Man† is in language that we understand today, Blake’s poem uses the English language of the 18th century. Brief Historical Background William Blake was born in a district of London called Westminister on the 28th November 1757. His obvious artistic talent lead his draper father to enter him into Par’s Drawing School in the strand. This lead on to him later being apprenticed to James Basire, an engraver who worked for the Royal Society of Antiquaries. He married Catherine Boucher in the August of 1972 when he became a freelance engraver. Blake was an accomplished artist in many areas, not only did he write novels and poems, he was also interested politics and religion but he could paint and engrave to a very high standard. Blake was introduced by Joseph Johnson to other radical thinkers of the day including Mary Wollstonecraft, William Godwin, Joseph Priestley and Thomas Paine. In his books such as The French Revolution 1791, and America: A Prophecy 1793. He developed his attitude of revolt against authority, combining political belief and visionary ecstasy. The political situation of the time was such that some of his work was printed anomalously because he feared government persecution. In 1800 Blake moved to Felpham where he began work on his epic poem, â€Å"Milton† and â€Å"Jerusalem†. In these poems Blake reveals his social criticism combined with prophecy and biblical legend. In 1803 Blake was charged with high treason on the testimony of a drunken soldier named John Scofield fortunately he was acquitted and moved back to London. Blake died in obscurity in 1827 and was buried in an unmarked grave at Bunhill Fields. The poem â€Å"London† is obviously drawn from Blake’s own experiences of the London in which he lived. He saw London for the hell hole that it was through the eyes of a man that seemed to feel all the poverty and degradation of everyday life that ordinary people understood. His religious beliefs embraced Unitarianism a very simplistic form of Christian worship which was in direct confrontation to the Church of England and all its values. This sensitive artistic man saw all the horrific abuses in society, and this poem was his way of making people confront the problems. Even though he did not have a solution to the problems, he wanted people to face up to the problems and try to work together to make their society a better place. Main Criticism of â€Å"London† Title Blake chose the simple title â€Å"London† to engage his reader’s interest about their capital city. London was the heart of the country, the city of government. It was a symbol of power and majesty. As the reader would examine the poem however they would realise how ambiguous the title really was. Blake was preparing the reader for a powerful poem, but the power of the poem was in showing the reader how sordid their beloved city really was. Type of Poem This poem is warning the whole of London’s population just how hideous the real face of the city was. Blake was behaving like a prophet advising that people should fundamentally change their way of life. â€Å"Runs in blood down Palace walls† is a caution to people in authority that if they continued on their course of closing their eyes to the poor and the conditions in which they lived, what had happened in France namely the Revolution and the slaughter of the Monarchy making France a republic would happen in Britain. The theme of constraint and social control runs through the whole of the poem. People could not choose how they lived their lives. Subject of Poem & Its Treatment The subject of Blake’s work includes the exploitation of people and their eventual corruption in every conceivable part of society. â€Å"How the youthful Harlot’s curse†. Blake explains here that these young people had no choice but to resort to prostitution. Society corrupted them and they then in turn became sinful and corrupted. Voice The poem is written through the eyes of one person, but this person wants you to experience all the oppression and social injustice that is all around. This person has strong beliefs and is prepared to stand up and speak out for those who are less fortunate than himself. â€Å"I wander thro'† begins the poem and so sets the reader on their own personal journey through the disgraceful city of London. Mood & Tone A desperate and hopeless mood runs through the whole of this poem, it is negative and offers no solution to the terrible torment that the people suffer. â€Å"And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness marks of woe.† Blake makes no secret of the fact that he sees misery, illness and oppression in every individual that he meets. Form & Structure The structure of this poem consists of four stanzas each of which contains four lines, this is known as a quatrain. Blake chose this arrangement to reflect the idea of control and authority with great effect. The monotonous structure of this poem reflects the way in which life is played out. This poem is very much like a ballad in that it tells a story of a walk through London and the terrible sights to be seen. Blake shows his genius in the third stanza when every first letter of the line spells the word â€Å"hear†, this being the last word of the second stanza. This technique is known as an acrostic, and is usually used in romantic poems, however in this case the poet uses this skill to underline the message of the poem, being that society must listen to his warning of approaching doom. Rhyme The rhyme scheme of this poem is ABAB. It is regular and gives a sense of control. The narrator is obviously sure of his ideas and completely confident in the knowledge that he holds the moral high ground. Rhythm The rhythm of this poem reflects the rhyming scheme in that it is very controlled in order to make the poet’s point of view quite clear. There is a continued steady beat, which seems to reiterate the poet’s ideas. Imagery Imagery features throughout this poem from beginning to end. Feelings and ideas are evoked by Blake’s particular choice of language. â€Å"Every blackning Church appals†. How can the reader not fail to appreciate the distressing nature of this poem when this line is read. A Church should be a place of God, holy and pure. This Church was black, which suggested unholyness, and ungodliness. The blackness underlines the feelings of despair and helplessness A Church should be welcoming, it should not repel people. The blackness of the Church contrasts deeply with the red of the blood that runs down â€Å"Palace walls†. The blood is an image of the violence that is all around. A very strong image is â€Å"The mind-forg’d manacles I hear†. Obviously the people’s thoughts were being controlled; they had no freedom of thought. The image of the physical manacle is powerful when it is used in the context of people’s minds and thoughts being constrained. â€Å"And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse†. We see in this image the death of marriage and the death of family values, marriage is under threat. Married men were known to visit prostitutes. In this final line many ideas are represented, one would not expect the word â€Å"hearse† which represents death and the ceremony of a funeral in the same line as the word â€Å"Marriage† which represents life and the ceremony of a wedding. The word â€Å"plague† in this line conjures up the idea that it is inevitable that society will fall apart, it is inescapable, and the very fabric of society was rotten. â€Å"Marks of weakness, marks of woe†. In this line thoughts of oppression appear on individuals faces. It is noticeable that social injustice has made them weary and downtrodden. The word mark is used to convey two different meanings, firstly how he notices these people, and secondly the physical marks of oppression on the peoples faces. Language The poet chooses the words he uses very carefully to invoke very specific ideas. â€Å"Plague† is a word associated with suffering and helplessness. â€Å"Woe† is used to convey feelings of distress and oppression. â€Å"Runs in blood† makes us think of violence and the brutality of life. â€Å"Harlot’s curse† shows us the negative side of the sordid life in which they lived. These words appear throughout the poem, powerfully showing the ideas Blake feels is his duty to share with society. Techniques â€Å"In every† and â€Å"cry† are repeated. This is to get the point across very forcefully. The effect of the terrible conditions in which people lived stretched across the whole of society. â€Å"Cry† in this context shows their fear, they are not screaming, they are experiencing internal agony. The full spectrum of people were â€Å"marked†. Blake is quite revolutionary in the line â€Å"In every Cry of every Man†. He uses the word â€Å"Man† to mean every ordinary man, they were important. Alliteration is used to great effect in the phrase â€Å"Soldiers sigh†. The words are bound together intensifying the feeling of the desperation that these royal servants felt. In the line â€Å"Marks of weakness, marks of woe† the alliteration strengthens the repetition technique. â€Å"How the youthful Harlot’s curse Blasts the new-born Infant’s tear†. This is an example of enjambment, the rhythm and thought are continued from one line to the other and is reflective of the flow of the Thames that runs through London. â€Å"Runs in blood† is a very powerful metaphor, the idea of oppression is cleverly communicated through this technique. â€Å"Mind-forg’d manacles† is used to illustrate just how oppressed people felt not only in body but also in spirit. The poem starts with the personal pronoun â€Å"I†. The poet wants us to understand that he has strong personal beliefs contained within this poem. He is prepared to stand by these beliefs and try to make the reader understand his views on society and social justice. Blake puts the words â€Å"Man†, â€Å"Chimney-sweep†, â€Å"Church†, â€Å"Soldier† and â€Å"Palace in capital letters. Here he is emphasising the importance of every section of society, and how each word symbolises every section of that particular status. Senses The poet appeals to our sense of sight and sound in his poem. In stanza one the sense appealed to is visual talking about the river Thames and the streets of London full of business activity. Blake concentrates on the physical surroundings. One stanza is in direct contrast to the other. The word â€Å"cry† is repeated several times, this together with â€Å"Soldiers sigh† gives the reader an understanding of the pitiful sounds that surrounded the poet as he journeyed through London. The poet wants us to listen to everything he says, he emphasises this in the third stanza with the first letter of every line spells the word â€Å"hear†. Our sense of sight cannot help but be engaged by â€Å"Every blackning Church†. Black is a colour associated with evil and bad happenings. Tenses The poem was written in the present tense. All the sights and sounds he experiences are happening now and need to be addressed immediately. Society needs to examine itself and change. Punctuation is used by the poet to control the rhythm and the pace. The commas are used to list the many problems that are witnessed â€Å"In every voice, in every ban†. The poet also uses other techniques of punctuation such as a colon in the line â€Å"Every blackning Church appals:†. This is to differentiate between two different subjects being the Church and the Monarchy, it is to make clear who he is accusing of being hypercritical and who he is accusing of being violent. The Effects on the Reader The effects on the reader are quite profound, we are left reflecting and wondering what is really going on in society. Blake hoped his poem would make a difference and reach people who could make society a happier and fairer place to live. He offers no solution towards the end of the poem, but hopes that others would think about the problems that he sees and make some effort towards change for the better. Brief Historical Background Grace Nichols was born in Gorge Town, Guyana in 1950. She grew up in a small coastal village and moved to the city when she was 8 years old. As a child she lived through the countries struggle for independence. She has worked as a teacher and a journalist and has a strong interest in Guyanese folk tales. Grace arrived in Britain at the age of 17, bringing with her the warmth of her Caribbean sensibility. Her poems celebrate sensuality and generosity, and attack petty mean-spiritedness. She has won many awards and prizes and is especially noted for her contribution to children’s literature. The poet spent her informative years in the Caribbean and so sees London in a different perspective from someone who has lived there all their lives. Grace Nichols also has a completely different cultural background to someone who has been brought up in London. Main Criticism of â€Å"Island Man† Title The title represents solitude and isolation, an island represents a place of escape and provokes feelings of a natural environment. â€Å"Man† is universal; it is anonymous and could mean any single man. We see here the similarities with Blake’s poem London in that his poem is from the perspective of an anonymous man. Type of Poem The poem is about a man who has a dream about a beautiful island, he would love this island to be his reality, however his reality is â€Å"Another London day†. The theme of pleasant solitude and peaceful isolation runs through this poem. There is a free lifestyle and a sense of liberty that combined with naturalness makes this poem easily readable. The poems are both concerned with the reality of London life. They maybe set at different times, but they both set in the same city and both are dissatisfied with London life. Subject of Poem & Its Treatment The subject of Grace Nichols poem is the wonderful quality of life on an island compared to the â€Å"dull† lifestyle of contemporary London. More than half the poem is taken up with the description of the island, we wonder therefore if the poet would rather be on the island than in London. The poet has experienced two different ways of life and seems to prefer the island life. In Blake’s poem however, Blake doesn’t seem to have experienced another way of life, his poem just concentrates on the appalling conditions f London. Voice This poem is written through the eyes of one person. This person wants you to understand just what its like to live on a beautiful island and then come back to the â€Å"dull† reality of their life as it is now. Mood & Tone The mood of this poem is one of longing. The poet wants to escape into her fantasy of island life. The fantasy is in stark contrast to her life now. Her sense of hope emerges when she describes the island; â€Å"breaking and wombing† is a phrase that reflects on nature and natural happenings, it gives hope. Despair seems to return when she describes London. The sadness appears in the poem when the dream ends, and he wakes up to reality, â€Å"island man heaves himself† he is weary before the day even begins. This is in stark contrast to Blake’s poem where desperation and hopelessness for everybody runs through the poem. In Grace Nichols poem, island man feels sorry for himself because he hasn’t got the quality of life he wants. Form & Structure The structure of this poem is random; it is obscure and has no particular form. It is purposefully freestyle and reflects a modern poem. The distinct irregularity and variety of each line length is planned. It reflects island life which isn’t planned. This is in distinct contrast to Blake’s poem which is in the form of a quatrain. Rhyme The part of the poem that deals with island life has no rhyme, however when we come back to London in the third stanza we see one rhyme â€Å"soar† and â€Å"roar†. This suggests that there is some structure and control to reality of city life. These words have an aggressive violent sound, they seem to symbolise the aggressive life of London. This is a contrast with Blake’s poem which has a rhyme scheme of ABAB which helps him to convey a sense of controlled aggression throughout his poem. Rhythm The rhythm of this poem reflects the poet’s thoughts. A dream follows no set pattern, and neither does this poem. This contrasts with Blake’s poem which is very controlled and obviously not a dream but a living nightmare. Imagery Imagery features throughout the poem. Feelings and ideas are evoked by Grace Nichols particular choice of language. â€Å"Morning† this is the first line of the poem, just one word. â€Å"Morning† conjures up images of a hopeful start to the beginning of a new day; there might be new opportunities in the new day ahead. â€Å"Wombing† is a word that invokes feelings of a safe environment. He is surrounded by the sound of â€Å"blue surf† and is in a womb of his own making. Feelings of the continuing cycle of life are reflected by the use of this word. â€Å"Wild seabirds† is written again on its own line to emphasise the importance of nature, they were completely free. However nature worked in harmony with inhabitants of this island, fishermen were a fond memory of â€Å"island man†. The poet highlights the fact that the sun rises in the â€Å"east†; the sun is a symbol of life giving and newness, the light of a new day. The â€Å"east † symbolises an area of beauty and mystical ideas. Some religions pray facing east, this is a very positive idea. â€Å"His small emerald island†. Emeralds are very precious gems, they are beautiful and unique like the island to the island man. The island is his treasure, his to own, he belongs there. The memory of his island enables him to exist in the realities of city life. His frequent dreams and thoughts always bring him back to where he believes he really belongs. When the poem comes back to reality the images are of â€Å"grey metallic† sands, these are not natural. We are reminded of the grey and dismal polluted streets of London. It was not a natural environment. The use of the word â€Å"North† has connotations of coldness and harshness. The â€Å"North Circular† is a road that the inhabitants of London travel around, it is a controlled motorway and symbolises the hectic pace of city life. A circular road around the city makes the reader think that island man is now in a life that he can’t get out of. In Grace Nichols’s poem there are many images of nature, quite unlike Blake’s poem where even the river Thames is exploited and controlled. The seabirds were â€Å"wild† they were completely free, quite unlike Blake’s poem where there were â€Å"mind-forg’d manacles†. In Blake’s poem there is no escape from the realities of life, of the helplessness and despair that surrounded him. In Grace Nichols’s poem she has an escape, she escapes into her dreams. Language Grace Nichols uses the language of today. She uses modern words such as â€Å"groggily† and â€Å"muffling†. Blake would have had no idea what these words would have meant. She uses words to contrast ideas such as the â€Å"east† representing island life and the north representing London life. Grace Nichols is not as detailed or aggressive as Blake but they do have the same attitude to London life. â€Å"Blue surf† represents island life whilst â€Å"grey metallic† represents London life. The whole of Blake’s poem consists of negative language over half of Grace Nichols’s poem, the part that deals with island life consists of positive language. Techniques Grace Nichols uses the repetition of the word â€Å"groggily† to move from one part of the poem to the other, it is a turning point; it separates island life from reality. Island man does not want to leave the island, it is an unpleasant experience in which the island man is confused. Repetition is again used in â€Å"Muffling muffling† to emphasise the fact that although his dream was clear, real life is confusing. Blake also uses a repetition technique, but he uses it to convey his ideas. An example of alliteration in Grace Nichols’s poem is â€Å"sun surfacing†. This paints a picture in the reader’s mind of the sun rising over the water, a very powerful image of island life. Blake again uses alliteration in the same way to evoke effective images. Enjambment is used to great effect, the poem is at random with irregular lines to reflect the randomness of a dream and the confusion felt well awaking. Blake’s poem also has thoughts running from one line to the other. The poem â€Å"Island Man† is written in the third person, it communicates a sense of detachment and could well be someone else’s experience, there must be many people in London who are away from home and feel a sense of isolation even tough they are surrounded by hoards of people. In comparison Blake’s poem was written in the first person making â€Å"London† a more personal poem. The same senses are evident in both poems, each of the poems only deal with sight and sound, but are treated in different ways. The poem â€Å"Island Man† sights and sounds are linked â€Å"sound of blue surf† gives the reader an idyllic image of a perfect island beach. In the poem â€Å"London† the whole of the first stanza is concerned with sight and the whole of the second stanza is concerned with sound. Tenses The poem â€Å"Island Man† is written in the present tense in modern-day London. In comparison the poem â€Å"London† although also written in the present tense is concerned with 18th century London. Punctuation Grace Nichols’s technique of using absolutely no punctuation what so ever is very effective, it communicates the idea of freedom and a dream like state. There are no rules in this poem, thought continues from one line to the other. â€Å"His crumpled pillow waves island man heaves himself†. This is in direct contrast to Blake’s poem which is ruled by punctuation. The poem has either a comma, full stop or colon. Effect on the Reader â€Å"Island Man† in the first half of the poem is very bright and cheerful and shows a very natural and free way of life, which every reader could identify me with and would hope to aspire to. The second part of the poem deals with the reality of London life again, which many people can identify with. In contrast Blake’s poem â€Å"London† is a very gloomy poem all the way through.